BY DAVE WILKINSON
In 1865, the Liverpool Improvements Committee, who were at that time responsible for maintaining the parks and gardens in the City, decided that some protection should be given to the citizens of Liverpool whilst visiting the Liverpool parks. Outside in the roads and streets of Liverpool, the general public were protected by members of the Liverpool City Police, who had been established some twenty-nine years earlier following the passing of the Municipal Corporations Act. The parks were regarded as being the private property of the City Council, and were not patrolled as such by the City Police who would only attend to deal with specific incidents which were drawn to their attention.
Liverpool Parks Police Constable, early 1900's
To put an end to this unfortunate state of affairs, the Council appointed four Park Keepers in 1865 to perform duty at Newsham Park. The four men were Mr Sworebrick, Mr Mahon, Mr Jones and Mr Lunt. They wore civilian clothes with velveteen trousers and gaiters. They were later supplied with a black stove pipe top hat similar to that worn by the City Police, with the addition of a blue band around with the words "Park Keeper" in red lettering. This was followed with a full uniform — the exact date of this is uncertain, but photographs would indicate that this was before 1872. The new uniform consisted of a dark blue swallow tail coat with brass buttons. The Keeper's number was shown at the collar, together with a "Liver Bird", again in brass. The trousers were white 'pantaloons' for summer and dark blue for winter. The trousers were topped with a black leather belt, with a brass buckle depicting the full Arms of the City. The top hat was also worn together with a blue and white duty armlet which was worn on the left forearm.
The Keepers at that time had no police powers as such — they were expected to patrol the parks to keep order and prevent damage to property. Persons detained by the Keepers for offences committed in the parks were handed over to the City Police and were charged by an Officer of that Force.
In June 1871, a letter was read to the Improvements Committee from a member of the public complaining that Stanley Park, which was at that time situated just to the north of Liverpool, and actually outside the City, was becoming a resort for rogues and vagabonds and a haven for disorderly youths and ill-disposed persons. It was agreed at that meeting that application should be made to the Head Constable of the City for the Park Keepers to be sworn in as Special Constables. This application met with success, and a short time later all Park Keepers were attested before a Magistrate.
Shortly after their attestation as Special Constables, the Park Keepers began to wear a new style uniform. This consisted of a blue serge stand collar tunic and matching trousers. A police helmet was adopted. This was of a segmented pattern with a wide leather band and a cloth covered 'button' top. The helmet badge was in gilt/brass and consisted of a Liver Bird surrounded by a garter upon which were the words "Part Keeper". The whole was surrounded by a wreath of laurel leaves. The centre of the badge was voided. The buttons on the tunic were also brass and were named "Park Keeper" with the Liver Bird in the centre. Collar numerals were also in brass. During wet weather leather gaiters were worn.
As the strength of the Force increased, it was decided to appoint an Inspector and to establish a head office at Sefton Park. In 1872, Inspector J Thompson was appointed and was paid a salary of 28/- per week. For this he was responsible to the Curator of Parks and Gardens (equivalent to the present day Director), for the organisation and efficiency of the Keepers. His office was at Ibbotsons Lane, Sefton Park and indeed the Sefton Park Police Office remained on this site and was in continual use through to eventual disbandment in 1972.
It is recorded that on lst June 1877, Park Keeper James Dumble arrested a man in Stanley Park for indecent exposure. The man was brought before the County Magistrates the following morning and was sentenced to four months imprisonment for the offence. In the same month, the Curator drew the attention of the Committee to this arrest and expressed the opinion that the Keepers were somewhat "over matched" by the rough class of people frequenting the parks and suggested that an additional Keeper be appointed at the wage of 23/- per week, plus the usual uniform. At this same meeting it was also agreed to appoint Keepers at Wavertree Park, Shiel Park, and the Botanic Gardens. This brought the strength at that time up to one Inspector and eighteen Keepers.
The Liverpool Improvement Act 1882 was passed and Section 73 of this Act gave the City Council power to appoint all Park Keepers as Constables, without having to rely upon the Watch Committee to do this on their behalf. At this time the design of the helmet badge changed slightly to incorporate the words "Park Constable". The title "Park Keeper" was dispensed with upon the passing of the new Act. A year later it is recorded that the Force were provided with handcuffs and staves.
By the 8th June 1891, the pay was 26/- per week with increments to a maximum of 30/-. The strength of the Force had also increased to one Inspector, three Sergeants and sixty Constables
The Liverpool Corporation Act 1921, Section 221, repeated the power given to the City Council in 1882 to appoint Constables for the parks. The 1921 Act also laid down clearly that the City Council shall be responsible for maintaining the City Parks and for protecting the visitors and inhabitants from being molested or accosted in any way.
In 1948, the Force was drastically re-organised and in that year Inspector Charles Dean Gibson was seconded from the Liverpool City Police to undertake the task. One of the first things he did was to change the uniform which he regarded as being old fashioned and extremely outdated. The stand collar tunic was retained, but the brass buttons and collar numerals were changed to chrome. The ball-topped helmet was discarded and was replaced by a "Home Office" pattern with a black rose top. The brass helmet badges were chrome plated and continued to be used on the new helmets.
Inspector Gibson wore the normal senior Police Officers' uniform. However, he followed the Liverpool City tradition of having silver braid on his cap peak instead of the black braid normally associated with Police Inspector rank. His cap badge was a "one off" and was specially made for him by manufacturers in Birmingham. It consisted of a Liver Bird surrounded by a circle on which were struck the words "Liverpool Park Police" in chrome relief on a blue enamel background. The whole was mounted on a chromium plated eight pointed star.
As part of the re-organisation, the whole Force was re-trained. This was carried out in stages and took many months. The instruction was of six weeks duration and covered all aspects of police duty. First aid and life-saving was also included. This latter requirement was called for due to the extensive waterway systems which were an integral part of Liverpool's parkland. Recruits to the Force were required to reach bronze medal standard in life saving during their period of probation.
At this time the establishment of the Force consisted of an Inspector, five Sergeants and seventy Constables. Re-organised and re-trained, they began to make their presence felt in the parks and succeeded in virtually clearing them of crime. Offences ranging from robbery to gross indecency and assault were dealt with. The Officers donning plain clothes when the need arose, in their efforts to arrest those responsible.
Chrome Epaulette and Lapel Badge
Inspector Gibson continued in his seconded capacity until October 1954, when he retired from the City Police. On Wednesday 15th of that month he was sworn in as a member of the Parks Police, promoted to the rank of Chief Inspector and was appointed Chief Officer of the Force.
The work done by the Liverpool Parks Police in the years that followed was reflected by the fact that the parks in Liverpool became places where the public could walk and the children could play in safety, without fear of being robbed or assaulted. Indeed, the number of commendations awarded to members at this time by various Chief Officers for creditable work done in the detection of crime and the arrest and prosecution of offenders, shows only too well how effective and efficient this small Force had become.
Upon the retirement of Chief Inspector Gibson on 13th April 1955, Inspector John Joseph Buchanan was appointed Chief Officer. Mr.Buchanan joined the Force in May 1948. He soon demonstrated his ability and professionalism. In August 1950, he assumed the duties of Acting Sergeant. On 21st February 1951, he was confirmed in the rank and was posted to Park Headquarters at the Mansion House, Calderstones Park, where he was responsible for preparing prosecution cases for court. During this period of attachment he was successful in obtaining a law degree. Thus when Mr.Gibson retired, Sergeant Buchanan became an obvious replacement.
A further change in uniform took place at this time with the introduction of open neck tunics, blue shirts and black ties. The black rose top on the helmets was replaced by one of chrome and small chrome "Liver Birds" were taken into wear by all ranks on each lapel and by the Sergeants and Constables on their epaulettes above their Force number.
In 1963, a cap badge was introduced for Sergeants and Constables. This consisted of a "Liver Bird" surrounded by a garter with the words "Liverpool Parks Police" thereon and the whole being surrounded by a wreath of laurel leaves. Prior to this badge being taken into use, Officers on bicycle patrol did wear caps, however the helmet badge was used on the cap.
Gradually, a degree of mechanisation was introduced and this took the form of several Lambretta motor scooters being purchased to enable outlying areas to be reached quickly. This was extended in 1965 when a small fleet of Austin mini-vans were taken into use and, with periodic replacements, these continued to be used as transport until the demise of the Force. Pye personal radio and vehicle mounted sets provided a much needed means of communication between the Force Control Room which was situated at Calderstones Park and the mobile and foot patrols.
Inspector Buchanan had been promoted to Superintendent in 1964 and up until that time had worn the one and only Inspectors cap badge first issued in 1948. It is a tradition in Liverpool that Superintendents' of Police wear embroidered badges of silver wire and cloth. Such a badge was produced for Mr Buchanan and this consisted of the full Arms of the City in silver wire and blue thread, with a scroll underneath upon which was embroidered the name of the Force. The whole was surrounded with a wreath of laurel leaves in silver wire.
From the late 1960s onwards, the Force continued to operate, although a cloud of uncertainty hung over its future. The City Council argued that the cost of providing a specific Police Force for the parks was excessive. This fact coupled with a desire by many "left wing" politicians to move away from traditional policing and to concentrate more upon providing a security related service aimed at protecting 'property' at the expense of the needs of the individual, set the seal and resulted in the ultimate decision being made that the Force had to go.
The final blow came on a fine spring afternoon in March 1972. On the 31st of that month, members of the Liverpool Parks Police paraded for afternoon duty at their respective parks for the last time, At mid-night they ceased to exist and marched out after 107 years of unbroken service.